Make Hot Ice - Heating Pad Chemistry

Heres an easy chemistry project you can do in which you take a clear liquid and instantaneously solidify it into hot ice. It isnt water ice, however. This is how you make crystals of sodium acetate, which is used in hand warmers and chemical heating pads and hot packs. Hot Ice Materials sodium acetatewatersaucepanglass or pan Making Your Own Sodium Acetate Monohydrate If you dont have any sodium acetate monohydrate you can make your own. Add baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) to vinegar (weak acetic acid) until the mixture stops fizzing. This will give you an aqueous solution of sodium acetate. If you boil off the water, youll be left with the sodium acetate. Expect to use a lot of baking soda and vinegar if you go this route. Make the Hot Ice What you are going to do is make a supersaturated sodium acetate solution. The solution will remain a supercooled liquid until a little solid sodium acetate is introduced. This will cause rapid crystallization that will resemble a block of ice, except it will be hot to the touch and not edible. Dump some sodium acetate monohydrate into a saucepan.Add just enough water to dissolve the sodium acetate.Heat the solution to just below its boiling point.Stir in more sodium acetate. Keep stirring and adding sodium acetate until you start to see solid material accumulating at the bottom of the pan.Pour the hot solution into a glass or other container. Do not allow any of the undissolved solid to enter the container.Cool the solution in the refrigerator 30 minutes to an hour.Remove the solution from the refrigerator. As long as you didnt leave any solid sodium acetate in the solution, it should still be liquid.When you are ready to make ice introduce a little of the solid sodium acetate. You could dip a toothpick or the edge of a spoon in sodium acetate powder.The crystallization will evolve heat (exothermic reaction), making the solid feel hot to the touch (~130Â ° F). Hot Ice Trick You dont have to solidify the sodium acetate in a dish. You can crystallize it as the solution is being poured to make fantastic shapes.

Essay about Against Standardized Testing - 2262 Words

There seems to be a dilemma in the educational system. In order to receive funding, a school system has to test its students annually. These tests are supposed to measure the progress of the students and the school system. But what is really measured with these scores? What do they really mean? Should children be tested as frequently as they are? And most importantly, should the ability to pass on to another grade or to graduate from high school be based on only one test? With so many questions arising from these tests, the answer is to take a stand against them. Perhaps a brief history will provide a better understanding of the standardized testing system. In the 1980’s, the National Governors Association pushed for states to†¦show more content†¦Third graders are already feeling the strain of these tests, and they have barely begun their education and the tests that are sure to come with it. The road to high school, graduation, college, and a job is now paved with tests. If third graders are burnt out, how are they going to do well on the tests that are to come? If we have already tested kids so much by the third grade that they are crying, this should say something. Sure, that school will get its funding, but at what price to its students? Unfortunately, largely due to the enormous success of such tests in Texas, the push has not let up. The state has been made an example. The Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills has apparently shown an increase in students’ scores. However, the same CNN documentary reported that in Austin High School, of the 9th grade class made up of 1,160 students, less than 300 of them were in 10th grade the following year (Quindlen 1). It has been reported that kids are purposely held back so that their performance won’t bring down the tests that are to be administered the next year. Two things strike me here. First of all, it is intolerable that children are held back solely because their school does not want to perform lower on the standardized test. In that instance, standardized testing has jeopardized a student’s future and that student hasn’t even had to takeShow MoreRelatedEssay about Arguing Against Standardized Testing2407 Words   |  10 PagesTo many students standardized testing has become another part of schooling that is dreaded. Standardized testing has been a part of school since the nineteen-thirties; in those days it was used as a way to measure students that had special needs. Since the time that standardized test have been in American schools there has been many programs that have placed an importance on the idea of standardized testing such as the No Child Le ft Behind Act of 2001 (Evans 1). 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It has become a test that allows extreme pressure to be placed on the teachers, the district and the students that have to take these tests.Many people argue about the importance of the test, that it doesnt show the progress of the student throughout the school year, and that is only one of the many reasons people think thatRead MoreEssay on Standardized Testing a Failure in Education1335 Words   |  6 PagesStandardized testing scores proficiencies in most generally accepted curricular areas. The margin of error is too great to call this method effective. â€Å"High test scores are generally related to things other than the actual quality of education students are receiving† (Kohn 7). â€Å"Only recently have test scores been published in the news-paper and used as the primary criteria for judging children, teachers, and schools.†(2) Standardized testing is a great travesty impose d upon the American Public School

Martin Luther King Jr. And Malcolm X Essay Example For Students

Martin Luther King Jr. And Malcolm X Essay Martin Luther King Jr. And Malcolm X Essay Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X grew up in different environments.King was raised in a comfortable middle-class family where education was stressed.On the other hand, Malcolm X came from and underprivileged home. He was a self-taught man who received little schooling and rose to greatness on his own intelligence and determination.Martin Luther King was born into a family whose name in Atlanta was well established.Despite segregation, Martin Luther Kings parents ensured that their child was secure and happy. Malcolm X was born on May 19, 1925 and was raised in a completely different atmosphere than King, an atmosphere of fear and anger where the seeds of bitterness were planted.The burning of his house by the Klu Klux Klan resulted in the murder ofhis father.His mother later suffered a nervous breakdown and his family split up. He was haunted by this early nightmare for most of his life.From then on, he was driven by hatred and a desire for revenge. The early backgrounds of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King were largely responsible for the distinct different responses to American racism.Both men ultimately became towering icons of contemporary African-American culture and had a great influence on black Americans.However, King had a more positive attitude than Malcolm X, believing that through peaceful demonstrations and arguments, blacks will be able to someday achieve full equality with whites.Malcolm Xs despair about life was reflected in his angry, pessimistic belief that equality is impossible because whites have no moral conscience. King basically adopted on an equality philosophy, whereby he felt that blacks and whites should be united and live together in peace.Malcolm X, however, promoted nationalist and separatist doctrines.For most of his life, he believed that only through revolution and force could blacks attain their rightful place in society. Both X and King spread their message through powerful, hard-hitting speeches.Nevertheless, their intentions were delivered in different styles and purposes. King was basically a peaceful leader who urged non-violence to his followers. He travelled about the country giving speeches that inspired black and white listeners to work together for racial harmony. (pg. 135, Martin Luther King Jr. and the Freedom Movement) Malcolm X, for the most part, believed that non-violence and integration was a trick by the whites to keep blacks in their places.He was furious at white racism and encouraged his followers through his speeches to rise up and protest against their white enemies.After Malcolm X broke away from Elijah Mohammed, this change is reflected in his more moderate speeches. Malcolm X and Martin Luther Kings childhoods had powerful influences on the men and their speeches.Malcolm X was brought up in an atmosphere of violence.During his childhood, Malcolm X suffered not only from abuse by whites, but also from domestic violence.His father beat his mother and both of them abused their children.His mother was forced to raise eight children during the depression.After his mother had a mental breakdown, the children were all placed in foster homes. Malcolm Xs resentment was increased as he suffered through the ravages of integrated schooling.Although an intelligent student who shared the dream of being a lawyer with Martin Luther King, Malcolm Xs anger and disillusionment caused him to drop out of school.He started to use cocaine and set up a burglary ring to support his expensive habit.Malcolm Xs hostility and promotion of violence as a way of getting change was well established in his childhood. Martin Luther King lived in an entirely different environment.He was a smart student and skipped two grades before entering an ivy league college at only the age of 15. He was the class valedictorian with an A average.King paraded his graduation present in a new green Chevrolet before his fellow graduates.He was raised in the perfect environment where dreams and love were generated.King and Xs childhoods are a study in polarity.(pg. 254, Reflecting Black) Passion EssayS only helped the rich to become richer by exploiting the poor. Therefore, he was interested in reforming the American political economy to abolish black poverty and discrimination. Malcolm X was similar to King in many ways. Malcolm also was a great leader of the civil rights movement. Malcolm wanted discrimination and segregation to end. Malcolm had always suffered because of his red .

The Cathedral Essays - Glass Production, Stained Glass, Windows

The Cathedral The outside, west fa?ade of St. John's Cathedral is extravagantly decorated. From the large sculptures, right down to the sets of doors, the detail of the work is majestic. You feel that you are an insignificant person while admiring all of the years of hard work that was put in to build this cathedral. Many of the outer sculptures around the main sets of doors are more contemporary. One sculpture shows a bus falling off a bridge and another shows a birth of a child. Another contemporary issue that wouldn't be seen on cathedrals such as Notre Dame is the depiction of pilgrims and Indians sharing food above the main entrance. All this works leads you to believe that the inside will just be as lavish as the outside. The outside fa?ade puts you into a mentality that what you are about to enter is going to be of great mass. I was surprised by the coldness of the inside. As I entered I didn't see the intricate detail that encrusted the outside of the cathedral. I peered down the long corridor lined by columns the size of redwood forest trees, to see the altar many, many yards in front of me. I looked up to see the cross-ribbed vaults connecting to the columns. I feel that the outside of the building tricked me into believing that the inside would be as beautiful. The only part of the inside that was beautifully done with great detail was the stained glass that adorned the walls. The large round stained glass window on the west wall, seen from the interior grabbed my attention from the very beginning. The six-foot figure of Jesus Christ in the center looks small compared to the size of the entire window. As you pass all of the grand pillars you come to an opening where the old architecture melds with the new. The rough uncut stone flows into the softer cut stone as if the building was rebuilt into the old building.

The San Francisco 1989 Earthquake Essays - Loma Prieta Earthquake

The San Francisco 1989 Earthquake Essays - Loma Prieta Earthquake The San Francisco 1989 Earthquake The Loma Prieta Earthquake On Tuesday October 17, 1989 at 5:04 PM the Loma Prieta earthquake struck the San Francisco, Monterey Bay, and Silicon Valley areas. Those were no the only areas affected. Many areas up to 70 and 100 miles away could feel the tremble of the quake. The epicenter of the quake was in the Santa Cruz Mountains. The quake measured a magnitude of 7.1. The initial quake lasted 15 seconds. The USGS first thought the magnitude of the quake would be about 6.9 but it increased to 7.1. The quake destroyed many buildings and freeways. A section of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge collapsed. The power was out in many places and the telephone lines were out also. This was the first time the power had been out since the 1906 earthquake. The earthquake killed 68 people and injured 3,757 people. The cost of the quake was estimated at $6 to $7 billion dollars. The quake happened during the 1989 World Series. The San Francisco Giants were playing the Oakland Athletics. The match up was called the ?Bay Bridge? World Series. The game was postponed for a month. They were playing at Candlestick Park. Airports were closed for inspection or repairs. Ceiling Tiles and broken glass were the main reason for the airports being closed. After a while the airports reopened and some local pilots helped fly emergency supplies to airports near the seriously damaged and in need areas. Roads were jammed with cars trying to get home or trying to get out of the earthquake area. The news media were desperate to get time on a satellite to broadcast their story to the rest of the world. People say that the media made the damaged areas look worse than they really were because they only focused on the bad areas and they got cities mixed up. Most people away from the center of the quake were only inconvenienced by the quake. They only had broken windows or broken pools. The insides of these people?s houses were a wreck. These people quickly recovered from the quake. The people closer to the center of the quake were not so fortunate. Some of these people lost all their belongings including their house. These people wouldn?t get things back together for months or maybe even years. Damage and loss of life were reduced because of California?s strict building codes which required buildings to be strong enough to survive even larger quakes. Having the public educated in earthquake readiness helped a lot. The people knew how to react in a quake and how to save their own life and the lives of others. The fires that broke out after the initial quake were of even worse threat. There were at least 27 fires that broke out across the city. The citizens formed a bucket brigade to help the firefighters who were without water because of water main brakes. The fires were disastrous they burned down apartment buildings, shops and even the fire chief?s house in one city. Some people went looting in the downtown areas. The District Attorney said, ?If there is anyone arrested tonight for burglary or looting, tomorrow morning we are going to go into court and demand that there is no bail. Anyone engaged in that kind of conduct can expect maximum sentences.? Some people were arrested for looting and they were severely penalized. The earthquake didn?t only cause trouble for the San Francisco Bay area. It caused a four-foot tsunami wave in Monterey Bay as well as a huge undersea landslide. The sea level in Santa Cruz dropped three feet. The wave took 20 minuets to reach Monterey. Vice President Dan Quayle and his wife flew to San Diego to see the damage. The spent four hours there and didn?t even make contact with the may who had been awake since the quake started. The mayor called the visit a ?cheap publicity stunt? Our Vice President Al Gore did the same thing when he came to Cincinnati during our flood. Mr. Gore took his shoes and socks off and put his foot in the Ohio River. What was the point of that. Mr. Quayle said this after touring the area,

Collective Security vs. One sSperpower Nation essays

Collective Security vs. One sSperpower Nation essays Social 30 Essay: How Should Crisis Situations be Resolved? For as long as there have been people roaming the earth there have been crisis situations, whether the crisis situations be an environmental crisis, such as an earthquake or severe drought, or a crisis brought from war between people. From this presence of disastrous circumstances there has always been an ever presence need to resolve the predicament and to help those affected. Over the centuries and generations, there have been many different ideas to how catastrophe situations should be dealt with and who should help, and we have tried to perfect our dealings with crisis dilemmas and to even prevent crises yet the perfect approach eludes us even today. Many think that everyone should put their trust into the great power nations and their individual actions to come to the rescue and solve the calamity situation while others believe that in tragedy and warring situations it would be best if the international community would join together to form alliances or collective efforts to solve the problem. From these differing opinions arise the question, should crisis situations be resolved by the individual actions of great power nations? The model answer is no, but in reality, nations should do whatever is needed to solve a crisis, whether that be working as a collective unit or having one great power nation act alone. Ideally, in the face of a crisis, the world community would unite against the common aggressor, attack and prevail against it, but this is not an ideal world and might never be. The world is not mature enough yet to deal with crises in this manner yet. The global community has put up valiant efforts trying to solve tribulations with collective efforts and organizations but what theyre still trying to work out is the fact that this plan of attack is hardly effective unless every country is willing to meet the terms of the agreement and follows through wit...

NHL Advertising Campaign Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

NHL Advertising Campaign - Article Example In a much aggrandized discourse of hegemonic masculinity, Mediating Sport, Myth, and Masculinity: The National Hockey League’s â€Å"Inside the Warrior† Advertising Campaign by Sarah Gee, it can be noted that there is close attributes to how Mrs. Gee tries to argue out the campaign (Hanold, 2012). Indeed, Mrs. Gee realizes the importance of the masculinity in explaining the inherent interpretation of the campaign. Primarily, Mrs. Gee closely examines the interpretation of the campaign in the dominion of patriarchy over matriarchy. Gee argument is based on empirical social research, and on this account, she successfully use Hockey as a sport to explain local gender hierarchies. Her discourse is substantial in reflecting to the bold perception of economic affiliation as explained in the role of masculinity, mentally and physically. This discussion will attempt to provide a double sided criticism of hegemonic masculinity as interpreted by Sarah Gee in her review against th e 2005 inside Warrior campaign. Critique Criticism for In debate of gender equality, the concept of one triumphing over the other has become the center of focus. Naturally, sports require both mental and physical attributes, which in this case, men triumph on the physical side. However, as this debate will attempt to singularize, there is an inherent subordinate role of social position in men. The 2005 campaign is a feature event that on several accounts explained the inherent role of men in the general society. The campaign sought to clarify the concept of hegemonic masculinity and how, in relation to this campaign, men maintain their dominant role in the society – primarily protection. Hegemonic masculinity has deep relation in a much elaborated theory, cultural hegemony by Antonio Gramsci. In both theories, a scholar will realize the analysis of power amongst social classes. While feminism is largely attributed as the intrinsic ability to reproduce, the patriarch camp has been vicious enough to apply masculinity to sustain a leading dominant position in the society. As the discussion will attempt to discover, there is close relation between the two centers of power, in how they alter each other. Currently, a significant percentage of men have not been involved in bellicose activities regarding physical hurting at war or any form of violence. This explains the validity of this campaign in concept of viscosity. Any scholar will note at ease the derived relation of hegemonic masculine theory in the aspect of struggle to explain the bread winning regime. Traditionally, the masculine affiliation has been attributed to violent, brutal, pseudo-natural and tough actions which psychologically explains why men should not only apply mental power in soliciting economic life, but as well as physical power. In relation to the 2005 campaign, it is coherent to concur that men not only applied their physical strength against equally trained men, but the also applied sticks which in this case had a close significance to a real time war (Hanold, 2012). The validity of these actions has close sources to the argument of anxiety provoking in a pursuit of a better economic good. The notion of hegemonic masculinity has been applied to explain social embodiment of masculine configuration. The theory clarifies that man cannot survive, that is in a smooth environment, without